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Phase 6.2
Activity within this phase begins with the demolition of Building M. A number of dumps and trample deposits
where laid down where it had stood. These contained plain tile, probably
from the roof of Building M, as well as a fragment of residual Roman brick. Within these dump
deposits evidence for ironworking was also recovered, perhaps spread from Building N, as well as
food and butchery waste, some of which was dog-gnawed (see the environmental report).
On top of these deposits a make-shift structure, Building O, was constructed.
Initially it consisted of a double screen of stake- and post-holes,
perhaps forming a wind-break. To the west were deposits containing metalworking waste.
This indicates either that material originating in Building N was being spread out here as levelling
dumps or that metalworking was associated with the wind-breaks. The first interpretation is
most likely as no metalworking structures or hearths were associated with Building O at this stage. New screens,
identified by two lines of
stake-holes, were inserted on the north and west sides forming a sub-square stake-built structure,
externally measuring c.4.5m x 4m and internally c.3m x 3m.
Pottery dated to the 13th century was found within Building O and the
building was utilised for some craft activity. A small pit (2868)
filled with charcoal was situated at its centre and several work areas and hearths
(including 2698, 2882, 2889 and 2893)
were also located within the building.
It must have been a cramped working environment, even if roofless and partially open to the
west. The exact function of this building is unknown, but it may be connected with metalworking
as a late post-hole backfill contained an iron hinge pivot, an iron nail and slag.
It is possible that Building N continued well into this phase (see
Phase 6.1 for its construction). The wall on the street frontage was only robbed
in the late 13th or early 14th century. The wall was then partially renewed
at this date with a small section of sill-beam footing (4063). At least
four rebuilds of the back wall of Building N were recorded on site, and it is possible that the
building continued to be used, in a shortened form, adjacent to Building O. It is difficult, however,
to see how Buildings N and O related to one another. It is possible that either Building N
was demolished at the same time as Building M and robbed at a much later date, or that the building
was shortened and then left to decay, rather than being cleared.
A property boundary was laid out on the eastern side of the site consisting
of a large number of post- and stake-holes. The new boundary was orientated north-east to south-west
and was traced for some 8m. Many pits were dug close to it, mostly containing household
waste with occasional artefacts relating to metalworking. These suggest that copper,
lead and iron were worked in the vicinity.
Phase 6.3
A sunken work area was dug south of Building O,
measuring c.3.5m long by c.2m wide. This contained a number of use deposits (including
2104, 2210, 2320, 2578,
2581 and 2601). A patch of
burnt thatch or floor litter was spread to the south of the structure suggesting it had a
rudimentary roof. Environmental evidence also
revealed that within the sunken work area, meals (including ribs, chicken, goose, fish and oyster)
were consumed whilst work was carried out. A pottery counter (SF01327) from one
use deposit may suggest it was not all work and no play! Overall the primary task of the work area
may have been connected with metalworking, artefacts including iron, copper and lead,
but secondary activities such as eating and gaming (see the artefacts report) also
occurred. The area was later backfilled with butchery waste which may have been redeposited from
elsewhere.
A revetment or gully ran north-east from the sunken work area to a clay-lined feature (2610)
in the north-east corner of the site. Both the gully and the clay-lined feature were backfilled with
industrial-type residues (including 2102,
2325, 2490 and 2503) containing some evidence
for ironworking, but their functions remained elusive.
A sequence of cobbled surfaces (including 1895 and 1953) were laid
out to the west of the sunken work area and a series of large dumps
accumulated to the south of it within the backyard.
These contained a large quantity of curved and flanged tiles,
which may indicate the demolition of a late 12th century building in the vicinity.
A barbed arrowhead (SF01575) used in hunting was recovered from the
backyard dumps. Building O was cleared at the end of the phase, the associated pottery
dating to the late 13th or early 14th century.
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Overall view facing west
York glazed ware jug
Fired clay counter
Cobble surface 1953
X-ray of iron barbed arrowhead (SF01575)
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